Weighted faces, loaded dice, rerolls, and multi-die sum odds
| Face | Weight | Probability | Contribution |
|---|
| Sum | Chance | Cumulative | Interpretation |
|---|
| Formula | Equation | Meaning | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|
| Face share | w / W | One face chance | Loaded dice |
| Expected face | Σ vp | Average die face | Mean roll |
| Total mean | n × μ | Pool average | Multi-die total |
| Target odds | Σ P | Mode chance | Hit checks |
| Mode | Target Rule | Upper Field | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|
| At least | Sum ≥ target | Ignored | Beat a DC |
| Exactly | Sum = target | Ignored | Exact totals |
| At most | Sum ≤ target | Ignored | Caps and limits |
| Between | Low to high | Upper used | Range windows |
| Dice | Face Range | Mean | Common Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| d4 | 1 to 4 | 2.5 | Short burst |
| d6 | 1 to 6 | 3.5 | Classic pool |
| d8 | 1 to 8 | 4.5 | Mid swing |
| d20 | 1 to 20 | 10.5 | Check rolls |
| Pattern | Example | Effect | When to Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Even load | 1,1,1,1 | Fair roll | Baseline odds |
| High bias | 1,1,2,3 | Top faces win | Loaded dice |
| Low bias | 3,2,1,1 | Bottom faces win | Risk tests |
| Reroll face | Face 1 | Removed from pool | Cleaner custom die |
Only the ratios matter, so a 2:1:1 load and a 20:10:10 load produce the same face odds.
If one face should never stay on the table, mark it as a reroll face and it drops out of the final distribution.
The chance of dice helps a lot during design of RPG. Check, do the mechanics of dice sense, are present. Anydice are strong on-line calculator for probabilities of dice.
It was born especially for role games. The tool it is possible to estimate probabilities for every kind of dice mix. It answers for RPG, D&D and like games.
It gives clear statistics and probabilities on-line.
Many ways exist for find probabilities of set of dice. Most easy are estimate the chance get a number by means of one die. The main rule about probability compares the amount of possible results with that, that interests you.
For one die you share the number of wanted faces by means of the whole number of sides. For several dice you do that for each and add the probabilities. The total probability matches to that of the whole set of dice.
Calculators well work with various dice. Here d6 with six faces, tetrahedron with four and icosahedron with twenty. They estimate the chance roll exactly a value.
Also it is possible to find probabilities for amount less than or more than a value. Some tools estimate even unusual dice. For instance for a result or averages.
Such calculations are useful in games about stuff.
Complexity grows when you add more dice. For instance for a group of dice, failed roll needs, that two from them show zero, during the third can be anything. Between failures are 001, 010, 100, 000, 002, 020 or 200.
You can estimate also amount on different cubes, as d8, d6 and d4 together. Some uses Monte-Carlo simulation in Excel for map probable results. One mode is do list with informations about cubes and their sides.
Other is made up of to estimate all mixes of three dice as sides of one 216-sided cube. Then program can compile rate for successful rate of any set.