Weighted faces, loaded dice, rerolls, and average totals for tabletop pools
| Face | Weight | Probability | Contribution |
|---|
| Sum | Chance | Cumulative | Interpretation |
|---|
| Formula | Equation | Meaning | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|
| Face share | w / W | One face chance | Loaded dice |
| Expected face | Σ vp | Average die face | Mean roll |
| Total mean | n × μ | Pool average | Multi-die total |
| Target odds | Σ P | Mode chance | Hit checks |
| Mode | Target Rule | Upper Field | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|
| At least | Sum ≥ target | Ignored | Beat a DC |
| Exactly | Sum = target | Ignored | Exact totals |
| At most | Sum ≤ target | Ignored | Caps and limits |
| Between | Low to high | Upper used | Range windows |
| Dice | Face Range | Mean | Common Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| d4 | 1 to 4 | 2.5 | Short burst |
| d6 | 1 to 6 | 3.5 | Classic pool |
| d8 | 1 to 8 | 4.5 | Mid swing |
| d20 | 1 to 20 | 10.5 | Check rolls |
| Pattern | Example | Effect | When to Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Even load | 1,1,1,1 | Fair roll | Baseline odds |
| High bias | 1,1,2,3 | Top faces win | Loaded dice |
| Low bias | 3,2,1,1 | Bottom faces win | Risk tests |
| Reroll face | Face 1 | Removed from pool | Cleaner custom die |
Only the ratios matter, so a 2:1:1 load and a 20:10:10 load produce the same average face.
If one face should never stay on the table, reroll it until the average climbs.
Dice average is helpful for games. For instance, a dice computer does more than only simple rolls of d20. It estimates normal damage against the AC of target during usage of weapon. AnyDice are mighty online calculator for probabilities of dice, designed for role games.
With such probable utility you finds easily various chances for roll set of cubes.
The average result of dice is the amount of all values divided by the number of rolls. For single die with even sides and consecutive numbers on them, the average matches the median. Mathematically, average roll of d6 are 3.5, of d8 4.5 and of d10 5.5.
For standard six-sided die of 1 until 6, you receives 3.5. For find the average, sum all numbers and share by means of the number of sides. Otherwise, take the highest and lowest numbers, sum them and halve for standard die with consecutive numbers.
Are clear ways for that count. For average total roll, take (S + 1) / 2 for every cube and sum. If all dice have S sides, it simplifies to AV = N × (S + 1) / 2.
Every N-sided cube averages (N/2 + 0.5). So 3d10 + 6 averages 24.5. In D&D you commonly takes half of the maximum and add 0.5.
For d20 that gives 10.5. Multiply the number of cubes by means of the average, for instance 8 × 3.5 = 28 for fireball (8d6). In fight with 20 d10 because each averages 5.5, the whole is 20 × 5.5 = 110.0.
Dice averages help for many things. Designers create mechanics according to statistical values. Some calculators show the standard deviation of the average.
Roll three six-sided cubes choose 6 faces and enter 3 in the total number of cubes for see average of 10.5. Some players use averages for estimate HP of creatues.